Interactive 2D visualisation of the layered architecture for digital credentials and trust frameworks in Europe. Reads top-to-bottom following the European Interoperability Framework (EIF) pillar order — Legal, Business, Semantic, Technical — plus credential-specific layers on top.
Open in full window ↗ · Source: © 2026 Lluís Ariño · EUPLv2
How to read it
Each layer represents a concern that must be addressed independently. Skipping a layer or addressing them in the wrong order is the most common cause of failed credential projects. See Trust spectrum for the EIF pillar order explained.